• Irritated or itching genitals or anus.
• Pain or injury to the areas of the genitals or mouth.
• Urinary-tract infection or difficulty with urination.
• Cuts and bruises.
• Vaginal or penile discharge.
• Pregnancy.
• Venereal disease.
• Unusual and offensive odors.

If your child exhibits any of these physical symptoms, take him or her to the doctor for an exam. Whether or not they are the result of sexual abuse, they should be medically treated.

Often there are no physical signs when a child has been sexually abused. Behavior changes are more common. For example:

• Fear of a person or certain places, such as showers or bathrooms.
• Clinging, anxious, or irritable behavior.
• Reverting to more childish behavior, such as thumb sucking.
• Sudden self-consciousness about genitals.
• Sudden interest in genitals, sexual acts, and sexual words.
• Sexual behavior that is inappropriate for the child’s age.
• Acting out sexual or abusive behavior with toys, animals, or people.
• Nightmares, bed-wetting, fear of the dark, difficulty falling asleep, or other new fears.
• Increase or decrease in appetite.
• Vehement over-reaction when the child is questioned about being touched.
• Drawings that depict frightening or abusive scenes.

What If I'm Just Not Sure
The most reliable and most common indicator of sexual abuse is a child’s disclosure. You may need to open the door of communication before your child will tell you. Sometimes children talk in roundabout ways, and you have to listen carefully for clues. For example, “I don’t like to be alone with Mrs. Smith,” or “Mr. Jones acts funny with me.”

Be careful not to plant ideas in the child’s mind or to suggest what you expect to hear. You will get further—and get a more accurate account—if you ask open-ended questions. For example, “Something is bothering you. Can you tell me about it?” “I’d like to know more about this.” Be very patient and take plenty of time. Don’t push and prod.

Stay as calm as possible. Children often stop talking if they think what they are saying makes you upset.

What If My Child Does Tell Me About Being Sexually Abused
Believe your child. Accept what your child tells you. Don’t deny or ignore it. If in doubt, err on the child’s side. Children rarely lie about being sexually abused.

Allow your child to talk, but don’t press. If you insist that your child repeat the details again and again, he or she may become reluctant to talk. Remember that your child will also have to explain what happened to the authorities as well.

Protect your child immediately from the suspected offender. You can start repairing the damage at once by assuring your child that the abuse will not continue. Assure your child that it is not his or her fault , that you are glad he or she told, and that there are many people who will help your family.

If Your Child Has Been Sexually Abused
Report the abuse to the authorities immediately. If the abuse was by a member of your household, call the New York State Child Abuse Reporting Line at 1-800-342-3720.

If the abuse was by someone outside of your family, report to the local or state police or sheriff’s department.

Help your child work with the professionals handling the case. You may need to be a strong advocate for your child, reassuring him or her during questioning. You can request that a specialist trained in child sexual abuse and interviewing children question your child.

If you haven’t already done so, get a medical exam at once for your child, even if he or she appears to be unhurt. You need this to protect your child’s health, as well as for possible evidence.

Your pediatrician may be able to refer you to a counselor who specializes in child sexual abuse. If there is a Child Advocacy Center in your area, you can contact them for medical needs and information about reporting to authorities. Your local rape crisis program may be able to provide consultation, counseling, and referrals.

This will probably feel like the worst thing that ever happened to your family. Find support for yourself. Find someone you trust to talk to. Take care of your feelings, for your child’s sake as well as your own.

Try to keep as calm a home environment as possible. Protect your child, but do not make him or her feel isolated or different. Take life one day at a time. You don’t have to solve everything in a day.

You can find help for your child and support for yourself, as well as information about Child Advocacy Centers and other sexual abuse treatment programs by calling the Prevention Information Resource Center and Parent Helpline, 24 hours a day, in English and Spanish, at 1-800-342-7472.

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